Film hw 1 Essay - 1078 Words

Module 1 Homework Assignment Allied American University Author Note This paper was prepared for Introduction to Film History, Module 1 Homework Assignment, taught by Professor Stephanie Sandifer. Directions: Using word processing software to save and submit your work, please answer the following short answer questions. All responses to questions should be one to two paragraphs, composed of five to seven sentences, in length. Your responses should include examples from the reading assignments. 1. Explain the role of the Kinetoscope during the period of cinemas invention. How did the Kinetoscope modify the capabilities of earlier camera and projection systems? Kinetoscope is an early motion picture invention that†¦show more content†¦The most famous films created by Lumiere brothers included: L’Arroseur arrose, Sortie des Usines Lumiera a Lyon (workers leaving the Lumiere factory), and the Arrivee dun train en gare a La Ciotat Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat). Word cinema was derived from Cinematographe, and was born when Lumiere brothers presented their first commercial film to paying audience in the world’s first movie theater, that is how I believe the Lumiere brothers developed commercialized market for cinema. 3. What were Edwin S. Porters significant contributions to the development of early narrative film? In what sense did Porter build upon the innovations of contemporaneous filmmakers, and for what purposes? Edwin S Porter was an expert builder of photographic equipment and a film projectionist, he worked for Thomas Edison. In 1901, Porter began operating the camera, and was responsible for directing film, from there, Porter was credited with almost all of the innovations of the pre-1908 period by making first story film titled Life of an American Fireman. Porter was also the one who is credited with editing, he also successful in creating models. Porter’s biggest contribution to cinema, is concentration on fiction filmmaking. 4. What is the difference between vertical integration and horizontal integration? Vertical integration is a concept in which a company develops or acquires production units for outputs which areShow MoreRelated I am Sam Movie Review Essay examples431 Words   |  2 PagesI am Sam Movie Review 1. Movie Title   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I Am Sam 2. Year of Production   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2001 (Theatrical) ? 2002 (Home Video) 3. Feature Length   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  134 Minutes 4. Director   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jessie Nelson 5. Producers and Studio   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Director/Producer Jessie Nelson, Executive Producer David Scott Rubin Producers Edward Zwick, Marshall Herskovitz, Richard Solomon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Line Home Entertainment 6. Major Character Cast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sam Dawson played by Sean Penn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rita Harrison played by MichelleRead More Implications of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for War Veterans1577 Words   |  7 PagesImplications of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for War Veterans War is a complex concept that is increasingly difficult to understand, particularly in an age that allows for live images of combat to be beamed around the world. Many war films depict the brutalities of war and affects war has on participants, but it seems that these representations merely skim the surface. The 20th century is an era that saw a significant amount of military action: World Wars I and II, the Cold War, VietnamRead MoreOM 300 Final Exam Study Guide- Petty2618 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 4: Forecasting Forecasting Steps ïÆ'   1. Determine the use of the forecast 2. Select the item tot be forecasted 3. Determine the time horizon of the forecast 4. Select the forecasting model(s) 5. Gather the data 6. Make the forecast 7. Validate and implement results Forecasting Methods ïÆ'   Quantitative Methods: used when situation it â€Å"stable† and historical data exists; existing products and current technology are key; involves mathematical techniques; ex: forecasting sales of colorRead MoreProviding Pedicure Treatment Essay2292 Words   |  10 Pagesas a sensitive boundary between our bodies and the environment. The skin has several important functions, for example: Protection, temperature regulations, waste removal and sense of touch. Protection †¢ The skin acts as a protective organ. The film of sebum and sweat on the surface of the skin (acid mantle). It acts as an anti-bacterial agent to help prevent the multiplication of micro-organisms on the skin. †¢ The fat cells in the subcutaneous layer of the skin help to protect bones and majorRead MoreNetflix and the Use of Ecommerce Essay3049 Words   |  13 PagesOutline †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ii Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Theoretical †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Technical †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Economic †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2 Political/Legal †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Social/Cultural †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3 Practical †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. People †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4 Procedures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 SW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 HW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Discussion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ SummaryRead MoreThe Impact of Municipal Solid Waste on the Environment2917 Words   |  12 Pages(Kump et al. 1). In fact, Earth has always been changing and will continue to do so for ages to come (Kump et al. 1). Earth is changing faster today than it has throughout most of its 4.6 billion-year history (Kump et al. 1). The cause of this accelerated pace of change is simple: human activity (Kump et al. 1). Human populations have expanded in numbers and in their technological abilities to the point at which we are now exerting a significant influence on our planet (Kump et al. 1). The effectsRead MoreGlobalization Sample Questions7882 Words   |  32 PagesIf you want to test your self on these questions, un-bold the answers, but be sure to keep a copy of the list with answers ââ€" ª These are not the questions for the exam, but they are similar and they cover topics that will on the exam From Class #1 1. As described in the first lecture, in GOG/GLO 225 we shall be are looking at four dimensions of globalization. Which of the following is not one of these four? a. Economic b. Cultural c. Educational d. Political 2. Which ofRead MoreSchool Of The Built Environment Essay4456 Words   |  18 PagesCAPITALS and submitted with each course assignment. PLEASE TICK ïÆ' ¼ UG PGT SURNAME SOOKERMANY First Name JOSEPH HW Student ID H00207063 Programme eg, BSc/MSc Quantity Surveying BSC FACILITIES MANAGEMENT Year of Study 2014/2015 Course Code (available on timetable) eg, D17AA D39PZ Course Leader/Tutor/Lecturer Dr. Roshani Palliyaguru Coursework Title PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACT TASK 1 TASK 2 Coursework Hand-in Deadline (Date specified for hand-in) 14/08/2015 All students are advised to keep aRead MoreNintendos Wii Strategy5218 Words   |  21 Pagesvalued primarily by die-hard gaming fans. Nintendo shifted its focus to providing a new form of player interaction targeted at a wider demographic than the traditional avid game audience. Nintendo’s new business model has the following characteristics: 1) a shift from hardcore to casual gamers, which allowed the company to reduce console performance and add a new element of motion control that created more fun; 2) elimination of state-of-the-art chip development and increased use of off-the-shelf components;Read MoreReceived Pronunciation: Historical Background and Application17580 Words   |  71 PagesNorthern Ireland English (the corresponding abbreviations are EE, WE, SCE, NIE). Table1. British English Accents English English|Welsh English|Scottish English|Northern Ireland English| Southern|Northern||EducatedSc. Eng.|Regional Varieties|| 1. Southern|1. Northern||||| 2. East Anglia 3. South-West|2. Yorkshire 3. North||||| |West||||| |4. West||||| |Midland||||| 1.2 The origin of Received Pronunciation and it’s Definitions The industrial revolution had borne a British middle-class eager to distance

Segregation and Discrimination - 1979 Words

Scenario Our group focused on a small town, middle to lower class, rural setting. The students would be of average intelligence and physical ability. We based our presentation on the small town, because there are little ethnic variations within school districts. This can present a problem, because children don’t know how to respond to different ethnic groups, therefore, causing unintentional discrimination/segregation. Our teaching strategy of student centered role playing will be used during a 4th grade social studies lesson, in which we are discussing discrimination and segregation. The children are at the tender age of 9 and 10, and they can relate this activity to things that are happening in their everyday lives. School†¦show more content†¦They will then be completing a personal reflection in their journals about the experience. Before we begin the activity, a letter will be sent home in order to get the parent’s permission to have their child participate in the activity. It will have to be signed and returned a couple of days before the activity. We came up with an idea in which we formulated a system, where half of the children wore white and the other half wore blue for one day. For the first half of the day, the children wearing white will be the majority, and blue will be the minority. Then they switch, and white is the minority, and blue is the majority. Some privileges that the majority would experience would be: a longer recess, easier work, studying together, treats, and an all-around simpler day. The minority would have to work by themselves, stay in from recess, not get snack, and receive harder work. Through this activity the students will learn the concepts of understanding stereotypes, unfair judgments, discrimination, and segregation. They will develop an understanding of how ma jority and minority groups are treated differently. Teaching Strategies in Relationship to the Domains The three domains are each taken into account according to the age of the children, and each domain corresponds well with our teaching strategy. The physical domain focuses on their gross and fine motor skills. In 4th grade,Show MoreRelatedSlavery, Segregation, And Discrimination1264 Words   |  6 PagesThrough slavery, segregation, and discrimination, history coded the worst word : the N word. However, banning this most heinous abomination of speech, used throughout history to oppress and dehumanize black people, in fact only perpetuates the trend of removing power from those whose voices society silences. Utilizing the N word gives black people a measure of control over their identities that history stole. Reclamation remembers the odious history of the word and honors the people who lived itRead MoreRacial Segregation And Racial Discrimination1645 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor line of American society since the colonies century playing a powerful role in the political system thr oughout United States government. The terminology race has been changed repeatedly throughout history. African American history of racial segregation created a clear view of how most racial minorities have been treated throughout history and views and differences amount racial majority. This paper primarily focus will be the treatment or experience racial minority faced throughout this historicalRead MoreEssay on The Harmful Effects Of Discrimination And Segregation534 Words   |  3 Pages Discrimination and Segregation have both had many harmful effects on society in the past and exist when individuals are treated unfairly because of their particular race, gender, age, ethnic group, physical disability, or religion. Discrimination and segregation both poison the atmosphere of trust that we need in order to live peacefully. In the video Separate but Equal;, there are many incidences to prove that racism, segregation, and discrimination all have negative effects. The three mostRead MoreRacial Segregation And Discrimination Of African Americans1501 Words   |  7 Pagescomposition. Although great strides have been made to enact laws that contest racial discrimination, there has been little progress for the discriminating factor immigrant. Events like the 1960 s which focused to end the racial segregation and discrimination of African Americans and enacted a legal precedence affirming legal protection of the each and every citizen regardless of color. 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In post-conflict countries, the processRead MoreRacism, Discrimination, And Segregation Against African Americans3220 Words   |  13 PagesSami Mabrouk Mrs. Perry Reading and Composition 5 October 2014 Racism, Discrimination, and Segregation against African Americans in the United States Perhaps one of the most well-known and prominent forms of racism and discrimination existing in American society is that perpetrated against African Americans. It is commonly agreed that slavery in America began as early as 1619 with the arrival of African slaves in Jamestown, Virginia to help with the tobacco crops. Slavery continued in the subsequentRead MoreIn The 1950S, Segregation And Discrimination Were Extremely1445 Words   |  6 Pages In the 1950 s, segregation and discrimination were extremely prevalent. King and his supporters faced harsh treatment and unfair laws such as the Jim Crows Laws that stated, â€Å"Black were forbidden to use the same drinking fountain as the whites, as well as restaurants, theaters, or public facilities, and blacks had to sit in the rear of the buses†(Myers 112). In 1955, two cases of this unfair treatment were conducted, first a 15- year old girl refusing to give up her seat to a white man and secondRead MoreRacial Segregation And Ra cial Discrimination During The 1960 S1421 Words   |  6 Pagesmastermind behind the attacks, Osama Bin Laden, was caught and brought to justice. Because of attacks like September 11, how American perceive people of the Islamic faith has changed drastically and has led to hate crimes against Muslim s. While discrimination is prohibited in the US, the people do have the right to be angry. Now with the threat of ISIS and its recruitment over the internet, it has led to an even more terrifying consequences. 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Robert D. 2005. â€Å"A National Issue: Segregation in the District of Columbia and Civil Rights Movement at Mid-Century† This article explores the history of Washington D.C. during the post-World War II period and the impact that civil rights played in equalizing rights and opportunities for all races in the district. In several ways, the war improved Washington from a city that was rural and urban to one of the most important cities in America. It was a city

Role of TSL in Employee Satisfaction and Empowerment for Business

Question: Write about theRole of TSL in Employee Satisfaction and Empowerment for Business. Answer: Role of Transformational Servant Leadership play within organizations in the context of employee satisfaction, empowerment, in your business Introduction Transformational Servant Leadership is the style of leadership that emphasizes on human resources and the interpersonal relationships. It prioritizes on empowering its follower by caring, coaching, and motivation (Stone, Russell Patterson, 2004), thus improving their performance by enabling them to realize their full potential (Northouse, 2016). According to Crook et al. (2011), the human resources are critical to the achievement of organizational goals and general performance, thus if more emphasis is laid on the department, then the organization is likely to acquire a competitive advantage, also, to accomplish its goals and build the society. This paper seeks to examine the roles of Transformational Servant Leadership play within an organization from the perspective of employee satisfaction and empowerment. In this essay, the background study will be explored, then the contribution of TSL to the organization/society examined, analysis of leadership behaviors done and then clear recommendations made to improve leadership. Background of the study In an advancing stormy and complex organizational environment, Business leaders have their focus shifted to the emphasis of leadership. The roles of organizers are no longer considered as leaders but leading the organization environment. According to Alvesson and Spicer (2012) role of leadership is that occupied by an individual at a given time on a given team. A visionary leader will go far towards the achievement of the objectives of an organization. With the aim of solving organizational problems, the power that comes with authority has drastically been swapped with guidance, synchronization, and assimilation. The leader is the one, who leads in the success of the organization by having to face obstacles confidently but with an in-depth understanding of a sense of belongingness, vision, and innovativeness. Klingner, Nalbandian Llorens (2015) defines leadership as the ability to entice willing followers and to influence change. The type of leadership style is central in the influence over employee satisfaction and empowerment; aspects critical to business success or failure. Existing research show that employees that are empowered increase productivity, job performance and employee satisfaction (Manzoor, 2012). Additionally, authorized employees lead to the realization of competitive advantage (Ghosh, 2013 and Kahreh, Ahmadi Hashemi, 2011). The level of empowerment and satisfaction of employees is therefore dependent on the style of leadership in the business. Accordingly, Transformational Servant Leadership (TSL) plays a crucial role in the employee empowerment and satisfaction (Parolini, 2012) Irrespective of the existing knowledge of the position of Transformational Servant Leadership in business, the rate of employee turnover is still on the rise. For instance, the turnover rate in the hospitality industry as observed by AlBattat Som (2013) in the Malaysian case. High rates of employee turnover are attributed to the reduction in business performance. Most of the failed businesses in the hotel industry have been assigned to a failure in leadership. The unethical conduct of the hotel and restaurant managers discourage the employees who in turn offer low-quality customer services thus affecting business productivity. In some cases, the business may be faced with lawsuits that not only cost the organization in monetary terms but also hampers its reputation in the market. The effect of bad leadership on the employees produces a ripple effect and leaves them discouraged, dissatisfied and un-appreciated (Testa Sipe, 2012). Contributions to the Organization and Society The Transformational Servant Leadership is characteristic of interpersonal relationships and is focused on empowerment, motivation, appreciation, coaching and inspiring followers (Schneider George, 2011). Therefore, the adoption of the TSL in an organization and the society at large will lead to satisfied and empowered employees who will own their jobs and deliver quality services to customers and as a result creating a competitive advantage to business which will naturally lead to increasing business productivity. A Transformational Servant Leader is an active listener. This quality is part of effective communication, and it enhances understanding. A leader who is an Effective listener will make the employee feel much valued and cared about. This will motivate the employee to become more engaged at work. Also, such leaders incorporate the opinions of the followers both in strategizing and in the decision-making process (Van Dierendonck, 2011and Allan,2011) TSL leads to the achievement of the organization goals due to their conceptualization ability. A transformative leader is visionary; a critical capability in guiding followers (Cameron, 2012). The relationship between the leaders and followers often lead to shared dreams which inspire both parties to pursue greatness. As a result, the organization gains through such leadership by innovations and development. TSL encourages ethical behavior because the leaders always exercise awareness or foresight. This capability enables the leader to learn lessons from past occurrences, the present realities, and the possible future consequences for a current decision (Johnson, 2011). This guides the organization while making costly decisions such as investments and employee-related issues thus encouraging ethical behavior in all aspects of the organization. Knani (2014) suggests that organizations that make moral and ethical decisions that concern their employees end up in generating long-term benefits. Employee development is another benefit of TSL application. (Cameron, 2012) Asserts that servant leaders aim at helping people to realize their objectives. The TSL leaders always endeavor to impact the lives of others positively, and in the process, the organization is benefited. Such leaders empower the employees through career development and other necessary support thus making them feel satisfied. Empowered and happy employees are more committed to their work and therefore help in the growth of the organization (Muthia Krishnan, 2015). Furthermore, career development of the employee positively affects the family and the society at large. According to Parris Peachey (2013), society development entails bringing people together within an organization thus reinforcing the attitude of teamwork. TSL promotes this by installing a spirit of service by actively seeking for an occasion to both serve and lead others thus promoting collaboration and coherence which are both essential for creating equality of life in the community. Coaching and development are attributes of TSL. With such leadership, the employees are assisted to improve on their performance achievements and at the same time instilling a feeling of concern for the growth of the employee. Even though the business gains from the employees growth and development, the workforce also acquires skills that can be used outside the organization. Such a link strengthens the employees value to the business which further motivates them to aim higher and invest in the organization's prosperity through building and developing communities (Parolini, 2012) Based on the preceding contributions of TSL to the organization and society at large, I can say that TSL leadership affects the general development of the community about employees in that leadership is all about leading people. Choudhary, Akhtar, Zaheer (2013) assert that Employee satisfaction and empowerment dramatically depends on the TSL and therefore should be the root solution to the problem of high levels of employee turnover which is as a result of employee dissatisfaction. Analysis of Leadership Behaviors Transformational servant leadership is that which focuses on the collective organization goals, advancement while at the same time fulfilling the needs of the followers. Such a leader empowers and inspires the followers to share a united business goal and boosts employee behaviors such as creativity, intellectualism, invention and adventuresome all which contributes to the motivation and success of the employees (Van Dierendonck et al., 2014). A transformational servant leader is a role model, supports engagement and employs motivation, charismatic, encouragement, and inspirational influence to initiate the growth of the followers and organization (Schneider George, 2011). Transformational value-based and servant leadership is made up of four significant behavioral elements (Dunn, Dastoor Sims, 2012). We start with charismatic as the first behavioral component. A Transformative leader emphasizes on others needs, is a role model who inspires, imparts self-importance and positivity, stresses commitment, alignment around a common objective, high ethical and moral values, and veneration and belief(Schneider George, 2011). These attributes made such leaders to be admired, esteemed, trustworthy and perceived as role models by followers (Choudhary, Akhtar Zaheer, 2013). Secondly, the leadership style is used to inspire and motivate. This the leader achieves by articulating the vision of the organization, exhibits an honest and ardent commitment to the same idea and the goals that are associated with it, and communicates the prospects in a precise manner (Choudhary, Akhtar Zaheer, 2013).The transformative value based leader is passionate, hopeful, motivational, and encouraging (Van Dierendonck et al., 2014). Venerated influence and inspirational motivation promote unity along shared goals in an environment setting that is of high levels of ethical and moral values and supports and reinforces shared leadership within an academic society. Intellectual stimulation is the third behavioral element. A transformational value-based leader promotes invention, creativity, daring, and the disposition to disregard systems that are inefficient, and the followers are inspired to interrogate conventions, tactfully address problems in different ways, and find solut ions for problems in a creative way (Van Dierendonck et al., 2014; Mass, 2017, and Dumdum, Lowe, Avolio, (2013). The environment that encourages intellectual stimulation favors academic freedom, all-time education, and learning. Personalized consideration is the fourth behavioral component. A transformational leader assesses and contemplates the specific desires of each distinct follower, creates a helpful setting that is aimed at the achievement and growth of the followers, and uses mentoring, training, establishment of new opportunities for development, and unceasing response to endow followers and aid them to attain their potential l (Dunn, Dastoor Sims, 2012 and Choudhary, Akhtar Zaheer, 2013). The four behaviors aforementioned are the ones a transformational leader uses to motivate followers. Motivation relies on the ability of the followers to align themselves with the organization's mission, vision, and objectives (Carter et al., 2013). The transformational leader has the capability of uniting and bringing into order the followers to shared goals that enhance teamwork method to seeking solutions to problems and management of human resource. To realize this, the followers ought to trust, regard, and reverence their leader, and be encouraged to work beyond expectations. Transformational leadership is also linked to high levels of employee satisfaction, engagement to the business, energy, retention, organizational loyalty, and general performance (Wright et al., 2012). The transformational value-based leaders are more proactive, have higher ability of motivating followers, and are endowed with the ability to develop business objectives that attract followers, and because of this the followers of transformational leaders are characteristic of high levels of commitment and association with the business, industrious, and are highly cohesive (Garca-Morales et al., 2012). Transformational leaders have an excellent emotional intelligence, and for this reason, their followers rate them as highly effective (Hur et al., 2011). According to Braun et al. (2013), the effects of transformational leadership takes place partially through the associated impacts in creating trust and value equivalence among followers. Specific Recommendations to Improve Leadership Transformational, value-based and servant leadership is characteristic of behavior like empowerment, motivation, employee satisfaction, active listening, use of behavior components of inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence and personalized consideration. Based on these features, transformational leaders are ever in search for opportunities to pursue whatever possible (Kouzes and Posner, 2014). In this section, recommendations will be made in respect to the hallmarks of TSL which have been discussed above. The first fundamental characteristic of a transformational leader is to possess the strength to come up with visions and goals for the organization. The leader is not only expected to create a new vision for the organization but also to communicate it to the rest so that the follower can comprehend the concept and pledge themselves to it. Roueche, Bakker, and Rose (2014) recommend three stages that a transformational leader should adopt in communicating the vision to their followers. The first step is to identify the need for renewal, and new course circumvents the mission. Stage two is to come up with the new vision. The last stage is to operationalize the change to realize the mission. The part of the transformational leader during these steps is to provide a work setting that is founded on the common vision. The secret to successful transformational leadership is to endeavor to work towards the shared vision in which the followers are enlisted, and the vision is rejuvenated. TSL should foster the participation of others in the process of decision making. If the leader empowers others, then the followers can be part and parcel in the process of decision making. It is more often that such a participatory process will lead to a consensus. Pearson, (2012) demonstrates that there is no possibility of a conflict escalating when the leadership involves others in the process of decision making. By the transformative servant leaders inviting their followers to take part in the strategic planning process, they encourage them to be part of the mission and vision of the organization thus creating a sense of ownership for the goal and the expected output. Kouzes and Posner (2014) assert that the extension of power and responsibility to others creates a synergy process which helps create an environment of trust and self-confidence in the business. Another behavioral component of transformational servant leadership is the provision of intellectual stimulation to the people. According to Zhang et al. (2012) labor turn out to be inspiring, appealing, puzzling and captivating when the leaders inspire and empower followers. Therefore, for the leaders to experience a transforming impact on the employees lives by keeping them committed and competent in their profession, they should emphasize on developing their strengths and improving their knowledge and skills. Additionally, the leader ought to provide a learning environment in which individuals have freedom so that they may have the capability of learning, varying and developing new skills. Kouzes and Posner (2014) in their research found out that the work environment is enriched when employees are provided with intellectual stimulation. The TSL should also foster building relationships inclusive of the multicultural teams. A transformational value-based leader is one who encourages community building. Such a leader endeavors to establish a community instead of fostering a competitive culture. This is because the mentality of such a leader is to include all followers irrespective of their points of diversity. They are efficient, unbiased listeners and develop an empowerment environment within their organization. Kouzes and Posner (2014) describe such leaders as those that instill the sense of strength in other people. Therefore, by building the community and fostering relationships with the rest, the TSL can aid others and improve their skills and enhance their performance within the organization. This further makes the followers believe that they possess the capability of instituting a difference in their organization thus improving their morale. The leaders must demonstrate high levels of performance expectations and thus do expect the very best from themselves and their followers. For the leaders to accomplish beyond the expected, they should treat employees positively. The leaders also ought to have clear laid down standards to realize improved output. They have to provide clear directions, responses, and motivation. Furthermore, the leaders may face the difficulty of precisely defining the projections, and thus they should thoroughly comprehend the employee standards and their needs so that they can be able to encourage the followers to efficiently carry out their roles (Roueche, Bakker, and Rose, 2014 and Normore, Erbe, 2013).The leaders ought to articulate each employees responsibility for the shared vision about the personal duties and prospects (Pearson, 2012) Conclusion and Summary TSL and value-based servant leadership have significant roles in the organization as it relates to employee satisfaction and empowerment (Carter, 2012) which are vital aspects for the business to accomplish its mission, vision, and goals. For the organization to improve its general performance, the leadership must practice business ethics that relate to TSL styles of leadership, continuously developing their competencies, empowering their followers and thus improving organizational performance. References AlBattat, A. R. S., Som, A. P. M. (2013). Employee dissatisfaction and turnover crises in the Malaysian hospitality industry.International Journal of Business and Management,8(5), 62. Allan, M. (2011). The leadership challenge.Destination brands: Managing place reputation, 81-90. Alvesson, M., Spicer, A. (2012). Critical leadership studies: The case for critical performativity.Human relations,65(3), 367-390. Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., Frey, D. (2013). Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 270-283. Cameron, K. (2012).Positive leadership: Strategies for extraordinary performance. Berrett- Koehler Publishers. Carter, D. R. (2012).The influence of servant leadership on employee engagement: A qualitative phenomenological study of restaurant employees(Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix). Carter, M. Z., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Mossholder, K. W. (2013). Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), 942-958. Choudhary, A. I., Akhtar, S. A., Zaheer, A. (2013). Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), 433-440. Choudhary, A. I., Akhtar, S. A., Zaheer, A. (2013). Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), 433-440. Crook, T. R., Todd, S. Y., Combs, J. G., Woehr, D. J., Ketchen Jr, D. J. (2011). Does human capital matter? A meta-analysis of the relationship between human capital and firm performance. Dumdum, U. R., Lowe, K. B., Avolio, B. J. (2013). A meta-analysis of transformational and transactional leadership correlates of effectiveness and satisfaction: An update and extension. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 39-70). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Dunn, M. W., Dastoor, B., Sims, R. L. (2012). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: A cross-cultural perspective.Journal of Multidisciplinary Research,4(1), 45. Garca-Morales, V. J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M. M., Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L. (2012). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of business research,65(7), 1040-1050. Ghosh, A. K. (2013). Employee empowerment: a strategic tool to obtain sustainable competitive advantage.International Journal of Management,30(3), 95. Accessed on 9 October 2017. https://abufara.com/abufara.net/images/abook_file/back/Ch1.pdf Hur, Y., van den Berg, P. T., Wilderom, C. P. (2011). Transformational leadership as a mediator between emotional intelligence and team outcomes.The Leadership Quarterly,22(4), 591-603. Johnson, C. E. (2011).Organizational ethics: A practical approach. Sage Publications. Kahreh, M. S., Ahmadi, H., Hashemi, A. (2011). Achieving competitive advantage through empowering employees: An empirical study.Far East Journal of Psychology and Business,3(2), 26-37. Accessed on 9 October 2017 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Heidar_Ahmadi/publication/227436431_Achieving_competitive_advantage_through_empowering_employees_An_empirical_study/links/53f1a7490cf2711e0c45e175/Achieving-competitive-advantage-through-empowering-employees-An-empirical-study.pdf Klingner, D., Nalbandian, J., Llorens, J. J. (2015).Public personnel management. Routledge. Knani, M. (2014). Ethics in the hospitality industry: Review and research agenda.International Journal of Business and Management,9(3), 1. Kouzes, J. M., Posner, B. Z. (2014).The student leadership challenge: Five practices for becoming an exemplary leader. John Wiley Sons. Manss, G. (2017). Implementation of Daily Senior Leader Rounds Using a Transformational Leadership Approach.Nurse Leader,15(1), 65-69. Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.Business management and strategy,3(1), 1. Muthia, A., Krishnan, V. R. (2015). Servant Leadership and Commitment: Role of Transformational Leadership.International Journal on Leadership,3(1), 9. Normore, A. H., Erbe, N. (Eds.). (2013).Collective efficacy: Interdisciplinary perspectives on international leadership. Emerald Group Publishing. Parolini, J. (2012).Transformational Servant Leadership. Xulon Press. Parris, D. L., Peachey, J. W. (2013). A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts.Journal of business ethics,113(3), 377-393. Pearson, C. S. (2012).The transforming leader: New approaches to leadership for the twenty-first century. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Roueche, P. E., Baker III, G. A., Rose, R. R. (2014).Shared vision: Transformational leadership in American community colleges. Rowman Littlefield. Accessed on 9 October 2017. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED307013.pdf Schneider, S. K., George, W. M. (2011). Servant leadership versus transformational leadership in voluntary service organizations.Leadership Organization Development Journal,32(1), 60-77. Testa, M. R., Sipe, L. (2012). Service-leadership competencies for hospitality and tourism management.International journal of hospitality management,31(3), 648-658. Van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis.Journal of management,37(4), 1228-1261. Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., De Windt, N., Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes.The Leadership Quarterly,25(3), 544-562. Wright, B. E., Moynihan, D. P., Pandey, S. K. (2012). Pulling the levers: Transformational leadership, public service motivation, and mission valence.Public Administration Review,72(2), 206-215. Zhang, N. Y. Y., Kirthi, V., Moore, A., Greenhalgh, R. (2012). Learning to lead.Studentbmj,20.

Company Officials and Lower-Level Employees

Questions: 1. Casting the problem as one of poor communication between company officials and lower-level employees, what steps could be taken to fill everyone in on the company's plans, goals, and activities? 2. Give examples from your own workplace regarding differences in culture and nationality that can create poor communication. 3. What strategies does your organization have in place to deal with cultural differences and communication? Answers: 1. Required steps to be taken to fill everyone in the goals, plans and activities of the company In order to establish a strong business relationship in business, it is required to have an effective communication among the employers and the employees. Wilson (2013) has stated that no matter how minor or major the lack of communication is in the organization, poor communication would certainly strain the productivity of any of the companies. It can be stated that failure to communicate efficiently most of the times leads to conflict that can harm an organization (Covello et al., 2012). In order to deal with these situations carefully, initially it is required to assess communication level. In order to do that, it is necessary to incorporate simple one-to-one weekly meetings with the employees, as this assists in help in opening the lines of effectively (Jafri, 2012). Apart from that, it can be stated that a secure intranet site in the company is ideal for publishing information, especially data of broad-cast type. Discussion regarding the goal of the company along with the upcoming plans with the employees openly and listening to their opinions as well would enhance the situation. If the employees feel valued enough in the organization, the issue of poor communication might be solved (Symon Cassell, 2012). 2. Examples regarding differences in culture and nationality that might cause poor communication Gender discrimination, race and religion discriminations are some of the most common issues that cause poor communication among the employees of the company. Apart from that, it can be seen that the international companies face language barriers and this hampers the communication system. Moreover, the open culture and conservative culture is another major constraint in case of communication in different parts of the globe. Besides languages and signs, stereotypes and prejudices are another major part that contributes in poor communication. Stereotyping can be done based on nationality, gender, race, religion, ethnicity along with age and some other factors (Covello et al., 2012). Therefore, it can be stated that Ethnocentrism must not be entertained in any of the companies, as this culture sheds light on dividing the culture as us and them. Frames of reference, political opinions, priorities to life and age are some other cultural barriers that indulge in poor communication largely i n several companies (Covello et al., 2012). 3. Strategies adopted by the company to deal with cultural differences and communications Many companies that face poor communication in the work place generally focus on several strategies that would help the company to deal with the situation. They tend to use multiple channels for the organizational communication, make the significant and the necessary messages recurring enough. Apart from that, they shed importance on listening, as this is vital during the one to one communication session (Ulmer, Sellnow Seeger, 2013). Moreover, it can be seen that the management of most of the companies getting the message across, and to do this, they are required to speak openly and honestly and be enough straightforward. Finally, the most effective strategy in this case is handling the addressed communications problems properly like conflict and difficulties on resolving the issues, misunderstanding and some others (Ulmer, Sellnow Seeger, 2013). References Covello, V. T., McCallum, D. B., Pavlova, M. T. (Eds.). (2012).Effective risk communication: the role and responsibility of government and nongovernment organizations(Vol. 4). Springer Science Business Media. Jafri, M. H. (2012). Influence of psychological contract breach on organizational citizenship behaviour and trust.Psychological Studies,57(1), 29-36. Symon, G., Cassell, C. (Eds.). (2012).Qualitative organizational research: core methods and current challenges. Sage. Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., Seeger, M. W. (2013).Effective crisis communication: Moving from crisis to opportunity. Sage Publications. Wilson, F. M. (2013).Organizational behaviour and work: a critical introduction. Oxford University Press.

Explain How to Support Others free essay sample

3.1. Explain how to support others to understand the need for secure handling of informationTo support others to understand the need for secure handling of information you must take them through their initial shadowing days and training ensuring that they complete everything. You must show individuals where the policies and procedures for handling information are kept, make sure that they understand the information and can apply it in practise. This should be done during a persons initial shadowing, you can also help them by showing the parts of the policies and procedures that are actually relevant to them and by providing practical examples for them to understand better. You also need to make sure that others know the procedure for reporting incidents where there has been a breach in information security or confidentiality. The best way to show others is to lead by example by never breaching confidentiality, never use care records inappropriately or abusing the use of any secure computer systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain How to Support Others or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3.2. Explain how to support others to understand and contribute to recordsTo support others to contribute and understand care records in their shadowing days you must firstly show them the different types of care records that we use, where they are stored and how to share it appropriately. These could include individual’s care plans, daily note, bowel charts, food and fluid charts. You need to then make it clear to them which of these records they are expected to maintain and how. You must show good, clearly legible, accurate and up to date records to individuals to learn from. I would then myself write my own in front of them and encourage them to ask me any questions while I’m doing it, then when I feel they have a good understanding of how to contribute to care records well I will supervise them while I get them to write the information down, as I would have been there to witness what they had done in order to contribute to records. Hopefully then an individual will have the ability to keep recording accurate information in the appropriate way, share the correct and relevant information about any changes to an individual’s personal condition or care needs. You have to keep reminding people even when they are fully trained to keep up to date wit h secure record keeping.

Controlling Case Study Essays

Controlling Case Study Essays Controlling Case Study Essay Controlling Case Study Essay Abstract This paper surveies direction control design of supplier relationships in fabrication. a supply concatenation stage presently under-explored. Compared to supplier dealingss during procurance and R A ; D. which research found to be governed by a combination of formal and informal controls. provider dealingss in fabrication are more formal. so that they could be governed by more formal and less informal controls. To polish the direction control system and act uponing eventualities. we propose a theoretical model specifically adapted for the fabrication phase. This model is investigated by an in deepness instance survey of the provider direction control of a Volvo Cars production installation. We identify three types of providers visualising the associations in the model and exemplifying the framework’s explicative power in ( automotive ) fabrication. Furthermore. the instance contradicts that provider dealingss in the fabrication stage are governed by small informal control. because the car manufacturer extremely values the function of trust edifice and societal force per unit area. Most notably. a structured provider squad maps as a kin and establishes informal control among take parting providers. which strengthens the automaker’s control on dyadic provider dealingss. Keywords: Management control ; Supplier relationships ; Manufacturing ; Contingency theory ; Case research ; Automotive 2 1. Introduction In the current economic environment. characterised by globalization and enhanced degrees of competition. companies require an effectual supply concatenation with inter-organizational relationships ( IORs ) to endeavor for sustainable competitory advantage. Not surprisingly. surveies show that IORs have a high possible impact on organisation public presentation ( e. g. Anderson A ; Dekker. 2005 ) . Literature. nevertheless. besides argues that many IORs do non supply the expected benefits and are frequently terminated because of pull offing troubles ( Ireland. Hitt A ; Vaidynanath. 2002 ) . Academicians frequently propose that deficiency of coordination and timeserving behavior of spouses are the two chief grounds for the comparatively high relationship failure rate ( e. g. Dekker. 2004 ) . Hence. direction control systems ( MCSs ) are argued to play a critical function in forestalling such failure. by set uping administration mechanisms to command the relationship ( Ireland et al. . 2002 ) . The cardinal end of MCSs is to act upon determination devising in achieving strategic aims ( Nixon A ; Burns. 2005 ) . In an inter-organizational scene. this implies making bilateral inducements to prosecute common ends. Already in the ninetiess. bookmans started naming for more attending for this subject ( e. g. Hopwood. 1996 ; Otley. 1994 ) . and have non stopped since ( e. g. new wave der Meer-Kooistra A ; Vosselman. 2006 ) . Consequently. inter-organisational MCSs have been studied from several angles. including outsourcing ( e. g. Anderson. Glenn A ; Sedatole. 2000 ) . inter-organizational cost direction ( e. g. Cooper A ; Slagmulder. 2004 ) . partnerships ( e. g. Seal. Berry. Cullen. Dunlop A ; Ahmed. 1999 ) . strategic confederations ( e. g. Dekker 2004 ) . webs ( e. g. Kajuter A ; Kulmala. 2005 ) and joint ventures ( e. g. Kamminga A ; van der MeerKooistra. 2007 ) . Yet. the chief accent was put on relational coaction during the first phases of the supply concatenation. viz. procurance. which involves the make-or-buy determination. spouse choice and contract design. and R A ; D. Although this historical focal point is surely justified. direction control in a ulterior stage of the supply concatenation. viz. fabricating. remains comparatively under-explored ( Cooper A ; Slagmulder. 2004 ; Langfield-Smith A ; Smith. 2003 ) . However. purchased merchandises and services for fabricating history for more than 60 % of the mean company’s sum costs ( Degraeve A ; Roodhooft. 2001 ) and are capable to uninterrupted betterment with providers. besides necessitating equal direction control. Therefore. this survey illustrates how makers design the MCS of provider dealingss in the fabrication stage of the supply concatenation. which we refer to as manufacturer-supplier relationships ( MSRs ) . In other words. we abstract from 3 procurance and R A ; D influences. 1 Nevertheless. direction control research on old supply concatenation phases. offers a first theoretical penetration into how a MCS for MSRs could look like. In peculiar. anterior empirical research on IORs such as R A ; D coaction ( Cooper A ; Slagmulder. 2004 ) . strategic confederations ( Dekker 2004 ) and joint ventures ( Kamminga A ; van der Meer-Kooistra. 2007 ) found MCSs that combine both formal controls. like result controls. and more informal controls. such as trust edifice. Besides the executing of service outsourcing undertakings. like industrial care ( van der Meer-Kooistra A ; Vosselman. 2000 ) . IT ( Langfield-Smith A ; Smith. 2003 ) and accounting ( Nicholson. Jones A ; Espenlaub. 2006 ) is governed by a combined MCS. So if we assume these findings to keep for other IOR types ( external cogency ) and neglect possible characteristic differences. MSRs could be expected to be governed by a combination of formal and informal control every bit good. Yet. by taking into history differences between MSRs and other types of IORs. the MCS design could be different. In that regard. we argue that fabrication is more formal than procurance and R A ; D. Indications for that statement and its effects for direction control can be found in the direction control model of Das A ; Teng ( 2001 ) . Based on the variables in their framework2. undertaking programmability and outcome quantifiability. it should be clear that for fabricating both variable degrees are high. or at least higher than in the instance of procurance and R A ; D. Consequently. the model indicates that formal controls are suited mechanisms to regulate MSRs. This statement is strengthened by the type of cognition use in MSRs. for which organisation literature provides a clear differentiation between cognition geographic expedition and cognition development. On the one manus. it is argued that the first supply concatenation stages. think of procurance and R A ; D. purpose at cognition geographic expedition. while the ulterior phases. like fabrication. chiefly 1 Obviously. procurance and R A ; D do impact the fabrication stage. Yet. as our purpose is polishing supplier MCS design in the fabrication stage. we intentionally exclude these influences. In footings of research methodological analysis. this abstraction is put into operation by analyzing a MSR between a maker installation and provider installation merely covering with fabrication. while procurance and R A ; D are handled by their several female parent companies ( cf portion three of this paper research methodology ) . 2 Although this model was originally developed by Ouchi ( 1979 ) for usage in MCS design within organisations. Das A ; Teng ( 2001 ) further adapted it for usage in IORs. Task programmability refers to the grade to which directors understand the transmutation procedure in which appropriate behavior is to take topographic point. Outcome quantifiability refers to the ability to mensurate result exactly and objectively. When outcome quantifiability is high/low and task programmability is low/high. formal outcome/behaviour control should be set up to regulate the relation. When both dimensions are low. informal control is preferred. but when both steps are high. both result and behaviour control are suited control mechanisms ( Das A ; Teng. 2001 ) . 4 purpose at cognition development. On the other manus. research shows that the geographic expedition of cognition is best governed by informal controls. while cognition development is most adequately controlled by formal controls ( Bijlsma-Frankema A ; Costa. 2005 ) . Thus. based on the features of high undertaking programmability. high result quantifiability and cognition development ends. MSRs could be expected to be governed by chiefly formal controls with small informal controls. In other words. the literature offers different direction control designs for MSRs sing the informal control degree. Therefore. this survey investigates how the MCS of MSRs is designed and how of import informal controls are in that design. in peculiar in IORs between an original equipment maker ( OEM ) and providers of outsourced fabrication activities in the trendsetting automotive industry ( cf Womack. Jones A ; Roos. 1990 ) . An car is a complex merchandise manufactured with 1000s of constituents. Consequently. besides this industry progressively outsourced non-core activities and started trusting on providers to make lower costs. To that terminal. a assortment of supply concatenation direction patterns has been implemented. such as thin supply and uninterrupted betterment. Yet. these induce the demand for appropriate direction control structures and bi-directional communicating to form and pull off the relation ( Carr A ; Ng. 1995 ; Scannell. Vickery A ; Droge. 2000 ) . In that regard. one peculiar car manufacturer. viz. Toyota. is known for partnering with providers. reassigning its expertness to assist providers and put ining softer signifiers of control including trust. To regulate the hunt for uninterrupted betterment in fabrication. Toyota established the Toyota Group by agencies of a provider association. an operations direction consulting division and voluntary little group larning squads ( Dyer A ; Nobeoka. 2000 ) . However. practician literature ( e. g. Automotive News/Automotive News Europe ) describes several other car manufacturers regulating this hunt by to a great extent formalized provider dealingss. Contrary to cooperation during procurance and R A ; D. fabrication is argued to go much more demanding towards providers. Car manufacturers progressively transfer fabricating hazard and supply duty to first-tier providers. which consequences in providers presenting to really tight just-in-time and in-sequence agendas ( Alford. Sackett A ; Nelder. 2000 ) . As a consequence. OEMs install formal controls and provider betterment techniques. which alert providers to the importance of bettering supply public presentation at lower costs. Hence. besides automotive pattern shows grounds of high and low degrees of informal control. Therefore. this survey specifically investigates how the MCS of automotive MSRs is designed. Yet. besides exemplifying MCS design. this paper contributes to explicating MCS design of automotive 5 MSRs. To our cognition. small inter-organizational direction control research specifically investigated eventuality theory’s explicative power in fabrication. Naturally. several documents study influences on MCS design in production environments. like the impact of fabricating flexibleness ( Abernethy A ; Lillis. 1995 ) . customization and related mutuality ( Bouwens A ; Abernethy. 2000 ) . net income Centre scheme ( Lillis. 2002 ) . production scheme. production engineering and organisation ( van Veen-Dirks. 2006 ) . However. these surveies investigate features explicating MCS design in one administration. while our survey focuses on inter-organizational dealingss. To that terminal. we propose a refined theoretical eventuality model based on recent inter-organizational direction control theory. but specifically adapted for the fabrication phase. This model proposes several eventualities finding the degree of hazard. which is governed by different degrees of direction control techniques. In order to exemplify the cogency of the model in pattern and reply how and why car manufacturers design their MCS. we perform an in deepness instance survey of the dealingss between a installation ( VCG ) of the international OEM Volvo Cars and a choice of its first-tier provider installations. The instance survey provides considerable grounds of three supplier types. viz. batch. low value-added just-in-sequence and high value-added just-in-sequence providers. visualising the associations in the model between eventualities. hazards and direction controls. These controls include both formal and informal techniques. of which trust edifice and societal force per unit area are extremely valued. Most notably. VCG’s structured supplier squad maps as a kin and establishes informal control among take parting providers. which strengthens control on the OEM’s dyadic provider dealingss. As our model draws on instance findings from other less formal IORs. it seems that our instance findings offer more grounds of their external cogency. That manner. the findings contradict that informal controls play a minor function in automotive MSRs. In peculiar. VCG’s MCS. uniting both formal and informal controls. is argued to be designed specifically to better supply public presentation. The balance of this paper is organized as follows. In the 2nd portion. we develop the theoretical eventuality model. The 3rd portion describes the instance research methodological analysis. The 4th portion is the existent instance survey. which presents VCG. describes three supplier types by agencies of eventuality degrees and clarifies how VCG designed the MCS regulating them. In the 5th portion. we discuss our findings by comparing VCG’s direction control with old findings and lucubrating on the significance of VCG’s provider squad. We conclude the paper with a sum-up of the chief findings and some avenues for farther research. 6 2. Theoretical model In this portion. we develop a theoretical eventuality model for MCS design of MSRs. which can be found in figure I. gt ; Contingency theory originated with the purpose of explicating the construction of organisations by peculiar fortunes. Subsequently. direction accounting research workers adopted and further developed the theory in order to explicate the form of MCSs in organisations ( e. g. Chenhall. 2003 ; Luft A ; Shields. 2003 ) . Therefore. eventuality theory suits this survey. sing MCS design of MSRs and its explicative variables. The cardinal construct of the model is the degree of hazard a certain MSR runs. Inter-organizational direction control theory proposes two types of hazard. which consequence from five different situational ancestors. qualifying the MSR. Although we clarify both hazard types individually. we stress the integrative reading of all eventualities jointly finding both degrees of hazard. Subsequently. this hazard is governed by different direction control instruments. either with a big or a little function for informal control. 3 2. 1. Performance hazard The first hazard type is public presentation hazard. defined as the chance of non accomplishing the MSR aims. despite satisfactory cooperation ( Das A ; Teng. 2001 ) . This type of hazard is besides referred to as coordination requirements ( Dekker. 2004 ; Gulati A ; Singh. 1998 ) or the command of events ( Tomkins. 2001 ) . As the MSR nonsubjective concerns fabricating as many merchandises of the order book as possible. on clip. with good quality at the lowest possible cost. public presentation hazard is the hazard of a supply concatenation break upseting the realization of this end. Three eventualities related to engineering addition this hazard. viz. complexness. undertaking uncertainness and undertaking mutuality ( Chenhall. 2003 ) . Yet as complexness and undertaking uncertainness are extremely related ( Chenhall. 2003 ) . the model does non include complexness individually ( cf Dekker. 2004 ) . 3 Harmonizing to van Veen-Dirks ( 2006 ) . all situational features and MCS features are determined jointly alternatively of consecutive. Besides Kamminga A ; van der Meer-Kooistra ( 2007 ) propose that the influence of eventualities is non determined by each ancestor as such. but by their interaction. In add-on. they suggest analyzing control as an integrative construct. in which all control dimensions are incorporated. Consequently. we do non suggest one-on-one associations between one specific eventuality. one specific type of hazard and one specific type of control. suggested to accommodate that hazard type. Alternatively. our theoretical account at the same time surveies the associations between situational eventualities. hazards and direction control techniques. as put frontward by the three boxes of figure I. The boxes of eventualities and hazards are put together to emphasize their mutuality and joint impact on direction control. 7 Task uncertainness relates to variableness in transmutation undertakings and the available cognition of methods for executing those undertakings ( Chenhall. 2003 ) . This situational characteristic determines the quantifiability trouble of end product and activities ( Kamminga A ; van der Meer-Kooistra. 2007 ; van der MeerKooistra A ; Vosselman. 2000 ) . which increases with increasing degrees of complexness of both the delivered merchandise and its operational procedures ( Woodward. 1965 ) . The first complexness is related to the added value of the merchandise and bit by bit increases depending on whether the provider delivers a standard constituent or an of import customized faculty ( Cooper A ; Slagmulder. 2004 ) . The 2nd complexness regards the added value of the production procedure and reflects the complexness of the supplier’s fabrication processes needed to efficaciously bring forth and present merchandises as required. Task mutuality refers to the grade to which subactivities of the value creative activity procedure have been split up and made dependant on each other ( Dekker. 2004 ) . In MSRs. this mutuality is consecutive ( Thompson. 1967 ) 4. because the relation involves reassigning the supplier’s end product to the manufacturer’s input procedure. The degree of consecutive mutuality is impacted by the dependance degree of the manufacturer’s operational public presentation on the supply quality ( timeliness and merchandise quality ) . Furthermore. the mutuality degree of a specific MSR is influenced by the production flexibleness required from both parties and the manufacturer’s deficiency of precise cognition to execute activities antecedently done in-house. 2. 2. Relational hazard The 2nd type of hazard is relational hazard. connoting the chance of non holding satisfactory cooperation because of timeserving behavior of the provider. exemplified in fiddling. rip offing. falsifying information and appropriating resources ( Das and Teng. 2001 ) . This type of hazard is besides referred to as appropriation concerns ( Dekker. 2004 ; Gulati A ; Singh. 1998 ) or the coevals of trust ( Tomkins. 2001 ) . Transaction cost economic sciences ( TCE ) theory5 proposes three eventualities that influence relational hazard and later find appropriate control: plus specificity. environmental uncertainness and dealing frequence ( Williamson. 1979 ) . Yet. as the maker possesses no specific assets related to a certain provider. at 4 Thompson ( 1967 ) identifies three degrees of undertaking mutuality from low to high. which influence the degree of inter-organisational coordination and communicating: pooled. consecutive and mutual mutuality. 5 TCE argues that parties are merely boundedly rational and act opportunistically. Therefore. the entire cost of outsourcing is the amount of both the supplied constituent costs and the dealing costs. including costs for dialogue. pulling up contracts. coordination. control and hazard of timeserving behavior ( van der Meer-Kooistra A ; Vosselman. 2000 ) . 8 least non in the fabrication stage of the supply concatenation. there is no lock-in to supplier timeserving behavior. 6 Hence. unlike uncertainness and dealing frequence. plus specificity does non act upon supplier timeserving behavior in MSRs and is non included in our theoretical model. Consistent with being a cardinal eventuality research construct. environmental uncertainness besides forms a powerful feature of MSRs ( Chenhall. 2003 ) . In peculiar. this eventuality relates to general market uncertainnesss and uncertainness about unknown hereafter eventualities ( Kamminga A ; van der Meer-Kooistra. 2007 ; Langfield-Smith A ; Smith. 2003 ; van der Meer-Kooistra A ; Vosselman. 2000 ) . Because maker and provider interact under these uncertainnesss. both parties face alterations over clip. which require elaborate contracts ( Dekker. 2004 ) . However. uncomplete contract theory argues that there exist restrictions in pulling up complete contracts. because all future eventualities can non be foreseen. are excessively expensive to anticipate or are excessively expensive or impossible to contract upon ( Gietzmann. 1996 ) . Consequently. the combination of uncertainness and uncomplete contracts leads to possible timeserving behavior of the provider. Harmonizing to TCE. more frequent interactions lower the possibility of timeserving behavior ( Williamson. 1979 ) . So. to continue a positive relation between eventualities and relational hazard. we could use rarity as eventuality variable ( e. g. Anderson A ; Dekker. 2005 ) . Yet. as we study MSRs with no connexion to commercial dialogues finding the contract term. we include the antecedent relational stableness purpose. This eventuality relates to the manufacturer’s purpose of continued future interactions with the provider and serves to construct bilateral committedness ( Cooper A ; Slagmulder. 2004 ) . We argue that MSRs. in which relational stableness is considered necessary and therefore aspired by the maker. are capable to higher relational hazard. For illustration. if supplier shift costs are high due to high mutuality. high committedness from the maker could motivate the provider to accept lower quality or bringing public presentation. Besides including a dealing environment feature and a dealing characteristic. we besides incorporate a dealing party characteristic ( Langfield-Smith A ; Smith. 2003 ; van der Meer-Kooistra A ; Vosselman. 2000 ) . In peculiar. we include supplier cognition importance. which encompasses the grade of importance for the maker to cognize the provider and to be able to measure features. such as direction competency. trustiness and willingness to portion proprietary cognition. Normally. this sort of appraisal is done by agencies of first-hand or second-hand experience. Hence. we argue that when the 6 Obviously. providers do hold specific assets in topographic point. rendering them vulnerable to timeserving behavior from the portion of the maker. However. this survey and the developed theoretical model merely concentrate on provider timeserving behavior. 9 importance of provider cognition rises. the hazard for insufficient or erroneous appraisal and subsequent provider timeserving behavior additions. 2. 3. Management control system Although MCSs have been conceptualised and categorised in assorted ways. the current direction control literature has reached a consensus on two types of direction controls. viz. formal and informal control instruments ( Langfield-Smith A ; Smith. 2003 ) . Obviously. analyzing the use of informal controls compared to formal controls requires both control types to be included in the theoretical model. Formal controls are explicitly set up to organize the MSR and include outcome controls and behavior controls. Outcome control involves the measuring and rating of the results of operations against pre-defined results or marks. by utilizing several public presentation measuring techniques ( Ouchi. 1979 ; Dekker. 2004 ) . The most of import result prosodies for MSRs are per centum of defects. quality of delivered goods and on clip bringing of goods ( Gunasekaran. Patel A ; McGaughey. 2004 ) . Behavioural control concerns the specification and existent surveillance of behavior. by agencies of regulations and criterion processs ( Ouchi. 1979 ) . Additionally. behaviour control includes measuring conformity with pre-specified planning. processs. regulations and ordinances ( Dekker. 2004 ) . Informal controls ( besides called societal controls ) are non explicitly designed. but are grown out of shared norms and values. shaped by frequent interaction. meetings and direction attitude ( Ouchi. 1979 ; Merchant. 1998 ) . Particularly trust building7 has emerged as a really of import informal control instrument in inter-organizational MCSs ( e. g. Dekker. 2004 ) . While formal controls cut down the hazard by changing the inducements for underperformance and timeserving behavior. trust mitigates hazard by minimising the fright of underperformance and timeserving behavior to happen ( Das and Teng 2001 ) . Therefore. we include three types of inter-organizational trust edifice. viz. constructing contractual trust. competency trust and good will trust ( Sako. 1992 ) . 8 Contractual trust consequences from old contractual dealingss or grows during the MSR 7 Rousseau. Sitkin. Burt A ; Camerer ( 1998. p. 394 ) . Define trust as a psychological province consisting the purpose to accept exposure. based upon positive outlooks of the purposes or behavior of another . Harmonizing to them trust is non a behavior ( cooperation ) . or a pick ( e. g. taking a hazard ) . but an implicit in psychological status that can do or ensue from such actions ( Rousseau et al. . 1998. p. 395 ; italics added ) . As such. trust in itself can non be a control instrument in the MCS of MSRs. Alternatively. the control techniques are the actions the maker performs to make and construct trust in the provider. 8 Contractual trust is based on the outlook that the provider will maintain promises and comply with understandings made. whether these10 ( Sako. 1992 ) . Competence trust is increased by old good public presentation. i. e. good quality and bringing consequences. Furthermore. competency trust consequences from purchasing activities from reputable providers or reassigning competencies to the provider. Additionally. merchandise and/or procedure enfranchisement and procedure standardization enhance competency trust ( Sako. 1992 ) . To develop goodwill trust. Sako ( 1992 ) identifies shared values and norms as necessary. but deficient. as dealing parties besides need to demo the willingness to be indebted to each other. Gulati ( 1995 ) stresses making and turning an inter-organizational bond of friendly relationship to trip goodwill trust ( Gulati. 1995 ) . Other possible good will trust instigators are synergistic end puting. trustworthiness repute and a long term relationship ( Dekker. 2004 ) . Following to these specific trust edifice mechanisms. the literature besides proposes an of import overall trust edifice technique. viz. close interaction. based on common involvements and established by agencies of joint determination devising and joint job work outing via a joint relationship board and/or joint undertaking groups ( Das A ; Teng. 2001 ; Dekker. 2004 ) . 9 Besides trust edifice. MSRs can be governed by another type of informal control. which Ouchi ( 1979 ) refers to as kin control. Based on shared norms. values and a common inter-organizational end. supplier behavior in the involvement of the MSR will be reinforced. because providers are motivated to accomplish the end ( Das A ; Teng. 2001 ) . This incentive consequences from inter-organisational societal force per unit area ( Spekle. 2001 ) exerted by the maker. which we believe is societal control in its actual significance. Because of high mutuality between maker and provider. below standard consequences of the provider straight impact the manufacturer’s public presentation. Consequently. provider direction is unpleasantly confronted with maker direction and faces personal humiliation because of the mistake. Additionally. provider direction runs the hazard of their repute and personal relationship with interacting maker direction acquiring injured. Besides Dyer A ; Singh ( 1998 ) reference repute and personal dealingss as societal control mechanisms. besides norms and trust. By moving as negatively valued societal countenances ( Bijlsma- are contractually stipulated or non. Competence trust concerns the outlook that the provider possesses the necessary proficient and managerial competencies to present the order as agreed. Goodwill trust respects the outlook that the supplier portions an unfastened committedness. with the willingness to execute activities good to the MSR. but perchance neither in the supplier’s involvement nor required by the contract ( Sako. 1992 ) . 9 Other potency overall trust edifice techniques in a MSR are communicating via regular inter-organizational meetings ( Chalos A ; O’Connor. 2004 ; Das A ; Teng. 2001 ) . information sharing of job countries ( Chalos A ; O’Connor. 2004 ) . provider development activities ( Carr A ; Ng. 1995 ) . networking ( Das A ; Teng. 2001 ) . preparation ( Chalos A ; O’Connor. 2004 ) and the extent to which the employees of both parties understand the factors guaranting the collaboration’s hereafter success ( Chalos A ; O’Connor. 2004 ) . 11 Frankema A ; Costa. 2005 ) . these societal effects create inducements for satisfactory provider public presentation and render provider self-interest difficult to prolong ( Spekle. 2001 ) . If we assume operational snags to be day-today concern in MSRs. this societal force per unit area creates an informal agencies to extenuate hazard in MSRs. 3. Research methodological analysis 3. 1. Case study research The empirical portion of this paper is based on an in deepness instance survey. which is an probe of a existent life phenomenon. trusting on multiple beginnings of grounds and benefiting from anterior development of theoretical propositions ( Yin. 1994 ) . This research method suits our research that concerns polishing bing interorganizational direction control theory for the comparatively under-explored fabricating stage of the supply concatenation. 10 Harmonizing to Keating ( 1995 ) . such theory polish needs a clear theoretical get downing point. supplemented with openness to the find of unexpected findings. To equilibrate these theory fond regard and withdrawal demands. we developed a theoretical model to steer the informations aggregation. but at the same clip used informations aggregation techniques leting sufficient openness. Furthermore. several interorganizational direction control instance surveies ( e. g. Cooper A ; Slagmulder. 2004 ; Dekker. 2004 ; Kamminga A ; van der Meer-Kooistra. 2007 ; Nicholson et Al. . 2006 ) strengthen the statement that instances allow look intoing in item the construction and act uponing variables of IORs ( Sartorius A ; Kirsten. 2005 ) . These surveies show that theory polish of MCS design can be adequately investigated by agencies of qualitative research. The societal significance of inter-organizational MCSs. particularly sing the usage and reading of informal controls. and the subsequent behavior of companies and employees is really complex. So if we merely skim the surface. we will neer detect how different parties interpret certain IORs and whether the MCS is designed consequently. This statement non merely justifies the pick for a instance survey. but besides forms the ground 10 Our research corresponds to look intoing a complex phenomenon within its existent life context of which empirical grounds is instead limited. and replying how and why inquiries about this phenomenon. for which instance survey research is most suitable ( Eisenhardt. 1989 ; Yin. 1994 ) . Furthermore. Keating ( 1995 ) argues that instance surveies suit three ends and that our theory polish end represents the in-between land between theory find ( depicting novel phenomena ) and theory defense ( disconfirming good specified theories by conveying in negative grounds ) . More specifically. our instance research is of the theory illustration type. documenting previously thankless facets of direction accounting practice and placing aspects of the illustrated theory that require reformulation or more strict specification ( Keating. 1995. p. 71 ) . Indeed. the end of this survey is to exemplify how makers design supplier MCSs. to what extent this design differs from designs in other IORs and how

Computer Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer Ethics - Essay Example Community standards are not necessarily very present on the Internet, unless one counts Internet social networking sites as formal ways which try to organize information in a way that is easily digestible by readers. Right now, as things stand, users have direct control over their options. Community standards criterion might be very difficult to be preserved on the Internet-namely because there weren’t any standards to begin with. According to Curry, Riley, & Battistoni, â€Å"With the Internet, the user can control very precisely the sites and information to be accessed. However,concerns about adult access to adult information and communications have arisen if regulators chose to protect adolescents from obscenity on the Internet†.While some sites can be blocked by parents and educators, obscenities on the Internet can’t necessarily be regulated completely. However, that does not mean that Internet regulation is not on the horizon. According to Tavani, â€Å"De spite some of the controversies and challenges that arise in schemes for regulating cyberspace, it is noted that we should not presume against Internet regulation. In fact, there is a 'strong moral case can be made for regulating the content of the Internet†. Morally speaking, many people would like it if the content of the Internet could be regulated in terms of language use on chat rooms and social networking sites. In fact, that is the next wave of technology that might come in handy some day, is the use of administrators, or Admin, to basically monitor the content placed online.

Advertising targeting children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertising targeting children - Essay Example The researchers implemented a two-level Bayesian hierarchical linear model. The research concluded that all three methods – incentives, pledges, and competitions – were successful in improving students to increasingly incorporate fruits and vegetables into their diet. Further analysis of these results demonstrated that younger children responded more actively to incentives and pledges than did older children. While I had difficulty understanding the specific way the quantitative data was used, for the most part I understood the article. I appreciated this article as it is concerned with a socially responsible cause. I also felt that these findings could greatly aid students throughout their lives. Even though many of the students in the study may go back to poor eating habits, the very act of them practicing these habits at this age will for sure contribute to their developing strong habits in the future. Dar et al. (2011) examined the role and functions of fast food advertising on children. Within this area of investigation the research indicates that the Canadian government became highly concerned with the childhood obesity epidemic. Because of these concerns there is growing policy measures proposed that would prohibit or restrict fast food advertising on children. Subsequently this research sought to identify the effect of this advertising on children. The research implemented a quantitative research design. Specifically the researchers examined statistical data on household expenditures on fast food in a Quebec town from 1982 to 1992. This statistical data was compared to data from a town where fast food advertising had been banned. The difference between these figures was then used to determine the impact of the advertising. More specifically a triple difference methodology was used to examine these statistical findings. The researchers indicate that a ban on fast food advertis ing

Human Computer Interaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human Computer Interaction - Essay Example HCI has evolved as a concept that facilitates taking into consideration the different needs of the users. The users can effectively interact with the computer systems through a platform that is known to be HCI. However the importance of HCI is widespread and encompasses wide array of elements. The first improvement of the concept is that it helps to gain market share. In general context individuals always prefer to use only those items that have higher usability. For instance it can be supported by an example of Google, this search engine is world famous and has largest market share across the globe (Deustsch, 2013).The reason behind this is the search engine has higher efficiency and can be easily used by individuals. HCI is even important as it helps to improve productivity. For instance such an interaction helps employees working in a firm to perform better and faster. The Intranet facilities help in increasing the overall efficiency of employees (Pulz, 2013).The importance of HCI can also be witnessed in the form of lowering support costs. If a product cannot be used properly then enormous calls are made by customers to customer service department. However the higher usability rate due to HCI helps in reducing these forms of cost that is associated with support services. HCI even helps in reducing the development costs as it avoid such features that are complex and cannot be used easily by the users. Speech recognition is considered to be an effective tool for HCI or Human Computer Interaction. Speech recognition is one of the fields of computer science that is associated with designing such a structure which helps in recognizing words that are spoken. It is such an application that enables a computer to clearly identify those words that are spoken by a person either through a telephone or microphone (Brodkin, 2012).Speech recognition can also be classified as a process that converts acoustic signal coming from a telephone or microphone to a group of

Animal farm essay

Animal farm essay Animal Farm Essay Animal Farm by George Orwell is a compelling book that represents the Russian revolution. Although viewing through the eyes of animals may seem like a childish concept, George does well into making sure that the book carries out the message of revolution. I, t  believe that George showed that Animal Farm was influence of the Russian revolution by the naming of the naming of the three pigshe condition of the farm, and because of the storys plot. Many of the animals in Animal Farm show some sort of connection with the Russian revolution. Most animals either represent a group of people, or an in/famous person. As the story starts to evolve from the rebellion to the Battle for the Windmill, the reader notices how the animals start to change. When Mr. Jones gets expelled for the farm, 3 smart pigs take of the farm: Squealer, Snowball, and Napoleon. These three animals all represent dictators the had a part in the Russian revolution. The most significant part about the names given to the pigs is that they all symbolize the dictators perfectly. Napoleon was a tough, fierce looking boar but was not much of a talker. This would symbolize Vladimir Lenin., the man who took the place as dictator after Tsar Nikolas II stepped down. Squealers name was the identity of Joseph Stalin, the man who kept on stalling the people by giving quick, persuasive speeches on how Lenin was improving the country. Snowball is then given to Trotsky because like Snowball, Trotsky split up with Lenin. In Animal Farm, these three pigs basically reenact what took place during the Russian revolution: betrayal, propaganda, and communism. Perhaps the best device Orwell used here was how he portrayed the three dictators as pigs, which shows how the name and appearance of the characters in this book are significant and related to the revolution. A reason I believe Animal Farm is about the Russian Revolution, was the choice of naming for the pigs During the whole book, Animal Farm was in very poor condition. During the beginning, Manor farm was a horrid place to live: with little food and lots of work everyday, it portrayed what Russia looked like during the time of revolution. Only during the early stages of the revolution was the economy slightly better than once before. Each time that Orwell describes the farm, it is always in a different condition, one which usually matched the condition of Russia. When Napoleon was ruling, the farm was in great economic trouble: the animals were always hungry while the pigs and dogs had enough to eat. This shows that the economy did not actually improve the animals lives, but instead started to benefit the other, higher members of society which is exactly what the Russian revolution resulted in. The condition of the house was a symbol of Russias state which shows how Animal Farm is connected with the Russian revolution. The final way that Orwell connects both Animal Farm and the Russian revolution, was by the plot of the story. During the entire book, all of the events that took place had at least some little significance with the Russian revolution. When Napoleon oppressed the animals by killing them, it was portraying what was known as Bloody Sunday. At the beginning of the novel, when Old Major is giving the speech about rebellion, it was all inspired by the old man known as Karl Marx. Even the event in which Mollie leaves shows the connection between the two. The easiest event to determine the the two, was most likely the scene were Boxer is taking away. If you think back to the revolution and back to Boxers motto ( I will try harder), you can easily see the Boxer is representing Russias working class. Because Russias working class was so loyal to Napoleon, most of them ended up for worse then before, and even worse, is the fact that Napoleon tossed away these people as if they were tools. The e xact same can be said for the Russian revolution. Lenin abused his people and Orwell demonstrates it very clearly and profoundly. I believe that George showed that Animal Farm was influence of the Russian revolution by the naming of the naming of the three pigs, the condition of the farm, and because of the storys plot. By renaming and reassigning of few characters and events, George Orwell has described the revolution into a book that can is comprehensive to both little kids and young adults.

Native American Music Essay -- essays research papers

Native American music has many different musical styles. Within every Native American tribe there is a variety of musical styles and instruments. In response to the research that I have conducted, there are three main musical styles that are going to be my point of focus. The Sioux Grass Dance, the Zuni Lullaby, and the Iroquois Quiver Dance are the principal methods which contribute to Native American music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Sioux Grass Dance is considered to be the most popular style of Native American Music. As one dances to this music, they follow a pattern known as â€Å"toe-heel.† This consists of the individual placing the left foot in front of the right and repeating with the other foot. Each male dancer makes many personal variations of this dance resulting in a so...

Importance of Life

Lofe is imprtantBecause it is your one chance to do anything. You can use The meaning of life is to take care of our planet. To be hard working and serve God. To help out in fixing communities – that's what life is about; you should not live only for fun but help others enjoy life too. A humanist would say we each make our own meaning by the way we live. The meaning is whatever meaning/purpose you care to assign to it†¦ or none at all. If you have a religion, you could find meaning there; a particular philosophy, ditto. If you're a nihilist, you might conclude that there is no meaning at all.To understand the meaning of life we have to turn to the source, or creator. If you believe in such things, God. If he put us here, it was for a purpose. So He may be the only one able to provide us with the answer. Some people will acknowledge that everything we need to know about the purpose of life and about God himself is found in one book, the Bible. If you believe in the Bible, the meaning of life is in God's inspired words: â€Å"If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me.For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me will save it. † Luke 9:23. Ecclesiastes 12:13 â€Å"Fear God and obey His commandments for this is the whole duty of man. â€Å"The irony in life these days is that, in order to find it's meaning, you merely have to Google it. To tell you the truth, I don't think anyone knows the true meaning of life. People say that the only way to know the true meaning of life is to live a full life with many near death experiences, then God tells you an instant after you have died.If you have a complex enough mind, and when God wants us to know, he will tell someone after they die and let that person be revived to tell the rest of the human race. If that never happens then we will just have to live life with many questions and as best we can. That's what God wa nts us to do. That's one way to look at it. The meaning of life is to utilize our main driving force, curiosity, without which none of us would even exist. Discover and find out new things. Space travel, for example, will lead to great new discoveries – including life near and far from us.The meaning of life is that we exist, that we are products of a force called creation, and that we should all support and affiliate with that force in every one of it's manifestations. The difference between life and the inanimate is that life has consciousness. The Serenity Prayer: God, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, courage to change the things I can, and wisdom to know the difference. Any Christian should know the purpose of life is simple: to serve God. Any Christian who doesn't know this needs to build up their relationship with God; He'll show you all you need to know.You're born, you breed, you die. Therefore the only meaning is to keep the species alive, all the other stuff is just to make it interesting. No one really knows the answer to this. Philosophers and religionists have been debating it for thousands of years. Life's meaning is what it means to you! What do you value in your life? Everyone has there own meaning and there own perception of life. Britannica says it's the sequence of physical and mental you body and go to amazing places and see amazing things.Life is a once in a lifetime thing so if you don't enjoy it then you will have wasted the most brilliant thing on earth. Dictionary. com states the meaning of life is: â€Å"The property or quality that distinguishes living organisms from dead organisms and inanimate matter, manifested in functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli or adaptation to the environment originating from within the organism. â€Å"I believe it's the beauty of God's creation. The meaning of life is to make life meaningful.

Free Essays on Game Day

My senses are elevated as the front door opens. The mob waiting outside begins pouring in. The sounds of laughter and inquiries of, â€Å"Is anyone home,† began to fill the hollow house. I have no difficulty determining what the mob desires. Hugs, kisses, and, â€Å"How are yous,† are expressed between myself, and the mob. That’s right, the Posey’s have arrived unexpectedly to surprise my two brothers and me for a day of food and football. Nephews and nieces jump down from the arms that hold then to run through the house looking for the horse size dogs, Diesel and Vegas, which are now at the top of the basement steps, just waiting for one of the little ones to open the door and set them free. Free to knock down as many little people as possible and greet them with snorts and slobber. Diesel and Vegas are my two boxers that are well behaved after they have the chance to run and greet every new comer in the house, which could take awhile. After all the love and affection subside, it is time to prepare the great feast that mom and granny have brought with them. The rest of the cooking will take place in the kitchen were only granny is allowed. No one is to bother granny while she cooks, it’s the law were she comes from. Meanwhile, the rest of the family heads downstairs into the twelve hundred square foot basement. There we have set up a game room with a pool table, ping-pong, and air hockey. The room would not be complete without a selection of TV’s for sporting events. The basement itself looks like a traditional basement, lined with cylinder blocks, and an unfinished ceiling, that has exposed pipes and wiring. As the TV’s are turned on and many games commence for a Saturday of college football, games begin between competitive siblings as well. Many different discussions that lead to arguments, which are resolved by a firm tome from my dad, â€Å"If you don’t play nice, you won’t play at all!† The basemen... Free Essays on Game Day Free Essays on Game Day My senses are elevated as the front door opens. The mob waiting outside begins pouring in. The sounds of laughter and inquiries of, â€Å"Is anyone home,† began to fill the hollow house. I have no difficulty determining what the mob desires. Hugs, kisses, and, â€Å"How are yous,† are expressed between myself, and the mob. That’s right, the Posey’s have arrived unexpectedly to surprise my two brothers and me for a day of food and football. Nephews and nieces jump down from the arms that hold then to run through the house looking for the horse size dogs, Diesel and Vegas, which are now at the top of the basement steps, just waiting for one of the little ones to open the door and set them free. Free to knock down as many little people as possible and greet them with snorts and slobber. Diesel and Vegas are my two boxers that are well behaved after they have the chance to run and greet every new comer in the house, which could take awhile. After all the love and affection subside, it is time to prepare the great feast that mom and granny have brought with them. The rest of the cooking will take place in the kitchen were only granny is allowed. No one is to bother granny while she cooks, it’s the law were she comes from. Meanwhile, the rest of the family heads downstairs into the twelve hundred square foot basement. There we have set up a game room with a pool table, ping-pong, and air hockey. The room would not be complete without a selection of TV’s for sporting events. The basement itself looks like a traditional basement, lined with cylinder blocks, and an unfinished ceiling, that has exposed pipes and wiring. As the TV’s are turned on and many games commence for a Saturday of college football, games begin between competitive siblings as well. Many different discussions that lead to arguments, which are resolved by a firm tome from my dad, â€Å"If you don’t play nice, you won’t play at all!† The basemen...